Morbid Obesity The Problem Health And Social Care Essay

Fleshiness is a medical status in which unnatural surplus fat has accumulated in our organic structure. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in populations. Harmonizing to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United state, 850 million people worldwide were undernourished in the old ages between 1999 and 2005. Genes and unhealthy life style do play a function in the development of fleshiness. Obesity besides associated with several comparatively common diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, bosom disease ( CVDs ) , and some malignant neoplastic diseases. So, I feel that is of import to hold an effectual intervention that can assist them lose weight for good. I am traveling to discourse the a possible solution for this job in this study.
BMI = Weight in Kilograms / Square of tallness in metres.
Obesity-image001

SoA A BMI = Kg / square MS.
orA A A BMI = Weight ( pound ) * 703 / tallness ( inches ) 2
BMI is indexed as follows for mention:
BMI A & lt ; 18.5 A = A Underweight
BMIA 18.5 – 24.9 A =A Normal weight
BMI A A 25 – 29.9 = A Overweight
BMIA A 30 – 39.9 =A Corpulent
BMIA A & gt ; 40 = A Severely corpulent
Table 1: Body mass index ( BMI ) is the most simple and utile index to gauge organic structure fat. Overweight is the index people are being corpulent.
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obesity-cause-symptoms-treatment-cure.asp.htm ( 207 words )
bmiCompGraphSimple_-1661997252_Small
Graph 1: Graph of BMI & gt ; 30kg/m2 by differents state for ages 15+ in 2005, harmonizing to the research made, the figure of people acquiring fleshiness is increase along the old ages in many state.
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.com/obesity/BMI
Based on the graph, the prevalence of fleshiness is increase dramatically in all Europes and United States. This observation is support in the book Obesity, Etiology Assesement Treatment and Prevention preface by Jack.H.Wilmore and edited by Ross E Andersen.
( 308 words )
A possible solution
After making some research, I have found that bariatric surgery is the most effectual method in assisting those who are holding fleshiness. There are two types of bariatric surgery that are most common usage which are cut downing the volume of the tummy ( e.g. by adjustable stomachic stria and perpendicular banded gastroplasty ) , which produces an earlier sense of repletion, and cut downing the length of intestine that comes into contact with nutrient ( stomachic beltway surgery ) .
Adjustable stomachic stria.
MMPE_01NUT_06_01_eps
Figure 1: Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding ( LAGB )
Restrictive processs [ 24 ]
A silicone set is puting around the top of the tummy utilizing cardinal hole surgery. It so making a little pouch and a narrow transition into balance of tummy.
No film editing or stapling of tummy involve. It will cut down the tummy gap where the gorge and tummy meet.
The size of gap can be adjusted or controlled by increasing and diminishing the volume of saline solution inside it, through a port placed under the tegument.
Patients usually can travel place after 1 or 2 after surgery [ 22 ] . ( 485 words )
Roux-en-Y stomachic beltway surgery.
MMPE_01NUT_06_02_eps
Figure 2: Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass
Malabsorptive processs [ 25 ]
The tummy is divided and a little pouch which limits Calories is formed silmutaneously as the bulk of the tummy is sealed of.
A part of the little bowel is so divided and sewn to the freshly created little tummy pouch.
It can be performed as the unfastened surgery or laparoscopic surgery [ 23 ] .
”Forty per centum are utilizing the set and 30 per centum are utilizing are utilizing the marker ”
By Dr. Mal Fobi top bariatric sawbones
Actually, it is based on the sawbones on taking the most appropriate type of bariatric surgery for the patient.
( 592 words )
Effectiveness OF Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric surgery is effectual in dainty fleshiness by lose their weight. It besides said have less complication therefore do it most suited as a intervention.
”I do n’t desire to be chesty, but I popularized the fleshiness surgery in America ”
By Dr Mal Fobi top bariatric sawbones
Figure 3: Singer actress Jennifer Holliday, weighing 340 lbs is shown in this 1982 file exposure with the Tony award she won for her work in the Broadway knock Dreamgirls. In 1989 Dr. Fobi done beltway surgery on her and she lost 200 lbs until today she managed maintain her weight. [ 32 ]
Graph 2: Shows decrease in organic structure mass index over clip ( B ) and percent surplus weight lost over clip ( degree Celsius ) after laparoscopic duodenal switch and concurrent processs [ 31 ] .
( 719 words )
I have found the effectivity of bariatric surgery based on the research done in the 1995 in Florida. The research included 34 patients who had undergone either a stomachic beltway ( RYGBP ) ( N=30 ) or a perpendicular banded gastroplasty ( VBG ) ( N=4 ) . The mean follow up period was 6 old ages. The per centum weight loss ( % EWL ) was 66 % .
”When asked, most patients agreed that if they had to make it over once more they would ; merely two said they would non ” based on research done in Florida in 1995 [ 32 ] .
All the informations above are dependable beginnings since the informations are all in different beginnings but still shows about the same consequence in the effectivity of bariatric surgery. The writers of these beginnings are good known people that had done their research on bariatric surgery.
Although, all the surveies showed the old ages that can be see out to day of the month comparison to now but this proven that the engineering in that clip is possible in overcome fleshiness by surgery. Therefore, now we have advanced in engineering which makes surgery go more effectual in dainty fleshiness. For illustration, now we have laparoscopic technique instead than open surgery which minimize the cut on the tegument and complication during carry out the surgery.
( 918 words )
Social and economic deductions
SOCIAL EFFECTS
When people are acquiring fleshiness it is really the beginning towards many fatal diseases particularly cardiovascular disease ( CVDs ) . This may take to the unhealty society in a large figure. Since people acquiring disease from the consequence of fleshiness that can likely do a patient bash non capable to execute their day-to-day activities particularly go to work and do a big load to their households and friends particularly their loved 1s. In the movie of play series ”Manjalara ” in TV3 which illustrates a teenage miss holding an fleshiness, it conveys the palpably existent hurting of household and loved 1s. Sometimes she besides being humilliated by others particularly by some of her relations and friends. The surgery done do work-albeit with side effects-and she are acquiring better after that [ 2 ] .
Furthermore people with fleshiness tend to acquire emphasis when they are strive to cut down their weight. Some of them seek many medical specialties including pills, herb teas, and even utmost manner by non eating or others likes holding binge-eating syndrome and aneroxia nervosa syndrome of fearing acquiring weight addition that cause an inauspicious effects in their wellness. Some of Herbal weight loss pills are non regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. So there are no limitations to go around hazardous and unsafe herbal weight loss pills in the market [ 3 ] .
Economic Effects
Medical costs associated with corpulence and fleshiness may affect direct and indirect costs ( Wolf and Colditz, 1998 ; Wolf, 1998 ) . Direct medical costs may include preventative, diagnostic, and intervention services related to fleshiness. Indirect costs relate to morbidity and mortality costs. Morbidity costs are defined as the value of income lost from decreased productiveness, restricted activity, absenteeism, and bed yearss. Mortality costs are the value of future income lost by premature decease [ 4 ] . Corpulent air riders demand the offering of wider seatsA in the aircraft. A survey reveals that corpulent riders are bing air hoses and other clients an estimated $ 75,000,000 US dollars a twelvemonth [ 3 ]
( 1242 words )
Benefits and hazards
Surgery
One survey of bariatric surgery, found a weight loss of between 14 % and 25 % ( depending on the type of process performed ) at 10A old ages, and a 29 % decrease in all cause mortality when compared to standard weight loss steps. A pronounced lessening in the hazard of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and malignant neoplastic disease has besides been found after bariatric surgery. Marked weight loss occurs during the first few months after surgery, and the loss is sustained in the long term. The most common perioperative complication is wound infection ( in approximately 3 % ) ; the most common late complication is anastomotic tummy stricture ( in approximately 5 % ) . Patients should be monitored every 4 to 6 hebdomad while weight loss is rapid ( normally about the first 6 minute after surgery ) , so every 6 to 12 minute. Weight and BP are checked, and eating wonts are reviewed [ 8 ] .
( 1472 words )
Type of comparing
Gastric Bypass
Gastric Band
Duration of processs
1 – 4 hours
0.5 – 2 hours
Length of twenty-four hours
2-3 hours
A 1 – 2 yearss
Postoperative addendums
MVI, Fe, Ca
MVI, Ca
Estimated weight loss
50-75 % EBW
40 – 60 % EBW
Side effects
Dumping syndrome
Vomiting
Short term complications
DVT/PE, anastomotic escape, pouch escape, GI hemorrhage
DVT / PE, port-site infection, esophageal perforation
Long term complications
Gasterojejunostomy stricture, Fe lack anemia, Ca lack, B12 lack, fringy ulcer, internal hernia
set slippage, device escape, eroding into stomach/esophagus, pouch expansion, device infection
Mortality rate
0-1 %
0-1 %
Table 2: Comparison between Gastric beltway and Gastric set ( bariatric surgery )
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php? article_id=638
Alternate solutions
1.Anti-Obesity Drugs/Medication
Besides surgery drugs, medicine besides can be utile to handle fleshiness. Most weight-loss medicines are “ appetite-suppressant ” medicines. Appetite-suppressant medicines promote weight loss by diminishing appetency or increasing the feeling of being full. These medicines decrease appetite by increasing 5-hydroxytryptamine or catecholamine — two encephalon chemicals that affect temper and appetite [ 13 ] . There are two types of drug intervention which are individual drug intervention and combined drug intervention.
GENERIC Name
Trade NAME ( S )
Phentermine
Adipex-P, Fastin, Ionamin, Oby-trim
Sibutramine
Meridia
Table 3 – Prescription Weight-Loss Medication, illustration of drug intervention approved by the U.SFoodAndDrugAdminstration ( FDA ) for short term and long term usage.
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.athealth.com/prescription medical specialties.html
Proactol is one of the new drug which is clinically proved and recommended by the professional.
( 1612 words )
”It is hence encouraging to see that a merchandise like Proactola„? offers a healthy manner of doing it easier to take charge of your weight and eating wonts. It besides turn toing issues beyond weight direction, such as take downing cholesterin and equilibrating blood glucose fluctuations. ” ” ( Dr. J GruenWald had to state about Proactola„? )
clinical_study
Graph 3: The graph shows how the proactol works to adhere the fat.
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.proactol.com
Proactol drugs can adhere up to 28 % of our day-to-day fat consumption, lower blood cholestrol and act
as of course supressing your appetency. Proactol drugs have been trial and passes all of the guidelines set by the EU Directive ( MDD/93/42/EEC ) . It is 100 % side effects free [ 14 ] .
2.Screening procedure
Nowadays we have dedicated pysicians, dieticians, physical therapist to assist those who have obesity by talk to those who are expert.Initial testing procedure include:
Individual audiences with our physicians
Nutrition reding including anthropometric informations assemblage and organic structure fat appraisal
Behavioral alteration therapy ( 1768 words )
Physical activity guidance and exercising prescription [ 5 ]
In order to contend and get the better of fleshiness one should non contend and stand entirely since they need support and aid from others.
3.Social theraphy
Social therapy is the therapy that involved the action taken by household, authorities and society in overcome this job either among themselves or others.
What are you making about the environment?
The city manager has outlined a program to hold a park within a 10-minute walk of all New York City occupants. This is portion of an attempt to make an even more walkable and bicycle-friendly metropolis.
( New York City and the Public Health Interview with Thomas R. Frieden, M.D. , M.P.H.
Commissioner of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Interviewed by Xavier Pi-Sunyer, M.D. ) [ 6 ] .
”Prof Anthony R. Leeds ” … For each kilogramme of weight lost, there is some metabolically active thin tissue lost with it.
( 1919 words )
Location
Stairss to Help Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity
Home
Reduce clip spent watching telecasting and in other sedentary behaviours
Build physical activity into regular modus operandis
Schools
Ensure that the school breakfast
and tiffin plans meet nutrition criterions
Supply nutrient options that are low in fat, Calories, and added sugars
Work
Create more chances for physical activity at work sites
Community
Promote healthier picks including at least 5 helpings of fruits and veggies a twenty-four hours, and sensible part sizes
Create chances for physical activity in communities
Table 4: Stairss to assist prevent and overcome fleshiness in different topographic points. [ 4,7 ]
( 2026 words )
3. Using Devicess: Palm runing system and PocketPC 2003 Treat overweight and fleshiness harmonizing to the Clinical Guidelines on Overweight and Obesity in Adults with this free synergistic plan for usage on Palm runing system and PocketPC 2003 devices of your manus that allows you to instantly bring forth individualised and evidence-based appraisal and intervention recommendations for each patient at the point-of-care that mention to the Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: the Evidence Report and the Practical Guide to the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults [ 9 ] . Features include Body Mass Index computation, appraisal of cardiovascular disease hazard factors, and finding of demand for intervention. ( Palm OS devive and Pocket Personal computer 2003, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute ) .PDA images
Figure 4: Palm OS devive and Pocket Personal computer 2003, National Heart Lung and Blood
Institute
( 2174 words )
Evaluation
Proactol have been found to cut down fleshiness efficaciously since it is clinically proved and 100 % side effects free based on the mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www.proactol.com/side effects or are at that place practol side effects.htm. It besides been recomended by many physician and dietitions therefore make it a dependable beginnings. It besides shows equal reviewed consequences and certified by many administration such as UK vegetarian society and France ECOcert SAS.
I have besides found the other beginnings ( Win control information web ( WIN ) coaction with national institutes of wellness and U.S section of wellness and human services and besides information services of national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases ( NIDDK ) .prescription.htm ) . This web gives the information about the side effects of drugs taken. It explain about the usage of label and which drugs are aprroved by nutrient and drug adminstration. It is a dependable beginnings since the information are from national and many other administrations.
( 2331 words )
Bibiliography
Website
hypertext transfer protocol: // hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obesitytherapy, /a turning job for United Kingdom populations.html, herbal weight loss pills.htm, not medical consequences.htm
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.CDC.gov Centre for Disease Control and Prevention/economic consequences.htm
Sime Darby Healthcare.com/Obesity_Clinic.aspx.htm
The Expert Weighs In New York City and the Public Health/October 2007 Obesity Management DOI: 10.1089/obe.2007.0063
Obesity treatment.htm
Fleshiness and metabolic syndrom: Merck Manual Home Edition.html
NHLBI Health Information Network at NHLBIInfo @ nhlbi.nih.gov
www.obesity-cause-symptoms-treatment-cure.asp.htm
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.WHO/obesityandaverweight.index.html
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wikipedia.com/obesity.htm
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.athealth.com/prescription medicines.html
Proactol % 20Side % 20Effects.htm
Fleshiness and corpulence for professional: informations and statistics: U.S fleshiness tendencies
Genomicss, resources, diseases, fleshiness editorial.htm
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obesitypanacea.com obesity.htm
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.obesitystockphotoimages.com free fleshiness pictures.html
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wikipedia.com/obesity.htm
10 Healthy Dieting Tips Obesity Therapy.htm
Good primary attention is the fleshiness medicine.htm
International diary of fleshiness: 10 Healthy Dieting Tips _ Obesity Therapy.htm
A© 2009 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.
spouse of AGORA, HINARI, OARE, INASP, CrossRef and COUNTER
hypertext transfer protocol: //patentdocs.com utilizations of egfr inhibitors to forestall or handle fleshiness
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.weightlosssurgerymalaysia.com/weight-loss-surgery-laparoscopic-adjustable-gastric-banding-sleeve-gastrectomy-gastric-bypass-laparoscopic-bilio-pancreatic-d
hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umm.edu/weightloss/roueny.htm
Heisler, J 2009. What is The LapBand Weight Loss Surgery. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.surgery.about.com/od/proceduresaz/a/AdjGastrBanding.htm.
Heisler, J 2009. Understanding Gastric Bypass Weight loss Surgery. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.surgery.about.com/od/proceduresaz/a/RouxEnYWLS.htm.
Television
Media Prima telecasting web in Malaysia ( TV3 play series MANJALARA ) , showed in 7 Mei 2007 with 75 episodes directed by Khabir Bhatia.
Books
Pearson instruction limited 2008, edexcel AS biological science.
International edition, Campbell, reece, 6th edition publish by pearson instruction.
Fleshiness, Etiology Assesement Treatment and Prevention preface by Jack.H.Wilmore and edited by Ross E Andersen, right of first publication by Human Kinetics Publishers in 2003
Surgery: A basic scientific discipline and clinical grounds, by Jeffrey A. Norton, A Philip S. Barie, A R. Randal Bollinger, publish by Springer in 2008 ( 2nd edition )
Fleshiness surgery: Principle and pattern by Cid Potombo 417 pages on page 385 article written by Robert A. Rabkin, MD, FACS, published by Mc Graw Hill Professional 2008.
Laparoscopic bariatric surgery volume 1 by William B. Inabnet, Eric J. de Maria, Sayeed Ikramuddin,333 pages on page 300, published by Lippincot Williams and Wilkins 2004.
Magazines
33. JET,15 Dec 2003,64 pages vol 104 No 25, page 33-34, Surgeon Dr Mal Fobi ”Revolutionizes Weight Loss Surgery with Fobi Pouch Operation for Obesity ” , published by Johnson Publishing Company