Week 9 Fractional Distillation and Nonvolatile Impurity Lab Module

The following is an example of an investigative lab report. Most of theexperiments in Organic Chemistry I will follow this lab report format.
Everything shown in bold below is what should actually be written in your
report.
Both your name and date should appear on separate lines on the right hand side of
the page.
Your Name
Date
Title of the Experiment Centered in the Page
Experiment 2 Extraction and Evaporation. Separating the Components of
“Panacetin”
I. Introduction
The introduction should be in your own words and explain the purpose behind the
experiment. This will only require at most 10 sentences. The purpose can be found
in the reading section from the departmental handout.
II. Safety
This section should have the NFPA rating for each chemical presented in the
demonstration video. This will include the Health, Flammability, Reactivity, and
other hazard ratings. You can find these ratings by doing an internet search of the
chemical.
III. Experimental Procedure
While watching the demonstration video for the experiment, write the procedure
stepwise, numbering your steps, in your own words. There should be enough detail
such that anyone who reads your report could do the experiment without the use of
a lab textbook.
IV. Observations and Results
This section will include things such as boiling range, melting point, color, time for
reaction, spectra and etc. This section will include results related to your
observations such as melting point and purity relationship, percent yield, percent
recovery etc.
V. Theory and Conclusions
This section should indicate how your results related to the purpose of the
experiment and what can be interpreted from your results. This section should
indicate how your results prove the theory behind the reaction or procedure. Most
of the information on the theory section can be found in your lecture book or in the
prereading section of the lab experiment as well as the reading sections from the
textbook, and research using the ACC library particularly AccessScience, KirkOthmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Van Nostrand’s Scientific
Encylopedia, and Gale ebooks. This section will be graded the hardest and
rambling results in grade deduction. You should be able to make your point in
3 to 5 pages. YOU MUST CITE YOUR SOURCES USING SUPERSCRIPTS TO
INDICATE ANOTHER AUTHOR’S WORK.
VI. Citations
Any format is acceptable, I tend to use MLA.
The distilling column, also known as the fractionating column, is where the separation of the
2 volatile liquids will occur. Separation occurs due to the temperature gradient established
within the column and the surface area of the packing material. Each vaporization
condensation cycle accounts for another simple distillation. This allows the vapor
composition at the top of the distilling column to become more enriched in the lower
boiling component while the vapor at the bottom of the distilling column becomes more
enriched in the higher boiling component.
Three examples of packing are shown here. The packing material that offers the greatest
surface area will be the most efficient as separating the 2 volatile liquids.
This is an example showing
Rasching rings as the packing
material. This is basically
small segments of glass
tubing.
H₂O
ester
out
20-25°C
130°C Z
Tuesday Lab 4/1 9:00am
Thursday Lab 4/4 9:00am
HEM Mini
Ac=ht
material
3 different
receivers
each a 10mL
150°C
Material
a.Vigreux Column
Pre-Lab Lecture Expo Fractional Distillation
Heo in Fractional Distillation
ester
Lo polan
Stillberad
Į Lab Report Due
ethyl acetate pink
butyl acetate blue
4/
Erotc bp² 81°c BuoAc bp21212
Fractional Distillation is a purification
technique for 2 volatile liquids with a
140°C packing
bp difference of 40-50°C or less
These volatile liquids may
be a
Packing
160°d
grad.cylinder
Contaminated with a honvolatile
Fraction 1
6. Steel Wool
impurity which will stay behind in
50 mL RB flask beginheat 85°c
still pot.
Fraction
8996>112°C Temperature Gradient
How it works : Within the distilling
column several vaporization condensation
Cycles will take place due to the surface >The
vapor composition equivalent theo
area of the packing material and the T
at the top of the distilling
column becomes more
Theoretical plate
gradient established within the distillng column.
enriched in the lower
Each vaporizatton/condensation code is a simpleng boiling component while
distillation taking place within the distiling colonn the liquid returning to
Simple dist, bow’s
This accounts for a theoretical plate.
the still pot becomes more enriched in the
higher
boiling component.
C. Glass balls
See pga
d. Rasching rings
ř 20 mL of
50:50 E+0Ac: Buo Ac Fraction 3 Vapor Composition
1120c-stillast HETP-height
plate
troputy &
-Section in distilling
Column where a
dryerase
w
lowed
Iew oder
a
Ewo
lowodor
dryerase
.