Attached the instruction
3 Pages Work
Step 1 – Use these theories
1. Pickle Jar Theory
2. Carstensen’s theory – Socioemotional selectivity theory
3. economic theory time management
4. Time Perspective and Motivation Theory
Step 2: Research “standard” time allocations.
For example, what is the normal amount of time to sleep? How much does a body need? Work? Recreation? Self-Care? What recommendations can you find?
Step 3: Write your paper. In your paper include:
1. Explain each theory.
2. Compare and contrast the theories and their practicality/applicability.
3. Select one theory/strategy that seems like the best fit for you. Explain why it’s a strong fit.
4. Compare your time spent in the time log to your findings about “standard” allocations? How does your time use compare? Modify goals, if needed, based on this information.
5. Develop a plan to reach the three goals identified in Part 1. Goals should be clarified to be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-Bound.
6. Include a rationale to support your plan using theory and current research
Required references:
At least FIVE scholarly articles from peer-reviewed journals (no more than 10 years old).
Measured in “temporalities”
•Families time can be measured in
seasons of death and life, planting
and harvest, new and old, or plenty
and scarcity.
•Families can also measure time in the
life cycle of a family. (i.e. newly wed
couple, child rearing years, empty
nest years, and old age.
Characterized as continuous
•This view of time stipulates revolving
cycles of development.
•For examples families who measure
time as circular have strong views of
reincarnation, seasonal changes, and
the importance of patterns in the family
history.
•While linear time cautions families
about irreversible mistakes. The circular
-time family is aware that the natural
order of things will set everything in
balance again.
Circular
Time
View as a journey forward
•This view compels families to see
time as separated by past, present,
future.
•Decisions made in anyone of these
phases can affect the other phases.
•Linear-time families can learn from
mistake but can never undo what
was done in the past.
Characterized by
compartments
•The linear view of time celebrates
distinctive measures.
•Instead of an event or person
portrayed as connected to the
larger picture, idiosyncratic
achievements and traits are
celebrated.
Linear
Time
The view of time that all things
proceed in temporalities.
The view of time that our
development is always moving
forward in irreversible footsteps.
Many families use time like a commodities (i.e. the phrases:
wasting time, spending time, saving time).
Industrialization and capitalism have influenced how families allocate their time.
Industrialization led to the “commodification of time” as employers and
employees create a contract for payment for use of labor. Time has economic
value.
Culturally, “time is the dominant currency in families”.
Family routines are dictated by the schedule(s) of the family wage- earners.
Depending on family composition, work and other outside commitments, family
activities and scheduling require more attention in relation to arranging leisure
time and activities.
As a result of the increased demands on times, families use technology (e.g.
emails, microwaves, fast food) and other in an attempt to increase efficiency
(temporal efficiency). However, with these conveniences, families fill whatever
net time gains with more activity.
This is a view that families are constantly in combat with
beating the clock or using time to their leisure advantage.
Time can be measured by the biological rhythms of the body and the
rhythms of the solar system.
Time is a “precious commodity” that has to be negotiated because we
are in constant conflict with daily demands.
Duality of time is seen as “contextual and compositional.” Time is
contextual in terms of “events” that occur (eg. work, school, hobbies) and
“compositional” in terms of how our time is spent participating in events.
“ Time-reckoning” is the conflict or constraint of prioritizing personal
time and set schedules.
Because of the tension that measured time can create families are
usually trying to speed time: “hurry up,” “spend more,” “time-
consuming.” A barrage of vocabulary encourages families to
increase the tempo of time
Time is a foundational component of the social cultural order that serves as the
basis for our decisions and actions.
Acceleration metaphors connotes the availability of time and how it is spent
within the family unit. Time spent is directly affected by industrialization,
information technology, and globalization of the world economy.
In order to keep up with certain standards of living, time available for the family is
continuously being stretched or accelerated. Children have busy schedules, and
spouses are on a “go pace” in order to keep up with technology, and the demands
of the economy.
Firefighting
• High Urgency
• High Importance
Quality Time
• Low Urgency
• High Importance
Distractions
• High Urgency
• Low Importance
Time Wasters
• Low Urgency
• Low Importance
Increasing Urgency
In
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Im
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This framework can be used to categorize time when evaluating a time study to see
where time is being used.
Quadrant 1
Activities I will do.
Someone else determines
the time
(work, church, class)
Quadrant 3
Activities I might do.
Someone else determines
the time
(extra-curricular sports)
Quadrant 2
Activities I will do
I determine the time.
(sleep, possibly meals)
Quadrant 4
Activities I might do.
I determine the time
(recreation activities)
Non-negotiable Activity Negotiable Activity
F
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T
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F
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d
T
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A method for prioritizing a schedule. Once a client has tracked time, use the grid to have
them determine where their activities fit. Use the grid to dictate a weekly schedule,
beginning with Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
80% of
time/
energy
20% of
priorities
Focus on the 20% that really matters- From Pareto’s study of land owner’s in Italy – 80% of
all land was owned by 20% of the population. Basically, we need to focus 80% of your time
on the 20% that is most important.
Self-
Actualization
Self-Esteem
Love/ Human Bonding
Safety
Physiological needs (food, shelter, water)
Time is spent on fulfilling basic needs. Once met, can begin to fulfill higher levels
In trying to fit all the “pickles” in the
jar, begin with the largest ones. Then
put in the smaller ones. After that,
add the spices and the juice.
Prioritize time with the most
important things to ensure that they
fit before we add the more flexible,
smaller tasks.
