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Prepare a one to two paragraph conclusion to the paper attached- subject is SANE. Prepare the abstract section (150-250 words in a block paragraph). The abstract is the 2nd page of the paper and it has its own page.
Cite three sources within 5 years. 2 journal and 1 website to support the paper. Please write an annotated bibliography for the sources as well.
There are already 6 sources cited and annotated. Please use the shell paper to fill in the details.
Please write the abstract and conclusion specific to the attached paper.
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SANE
Name
University
Topic
Instructor
February 21, 2022
Abstract
SANE
Introduction
To help with holistic and timely healing of sexual assault patients, shortage of resources should be addressed and more sexual assault team members must be procured. This is a vicious cycle that needs to be addressed by the community as a whole. The turnover rate for SANE nurses is high, while sexual assault patients face long-term mental and physical effects. Additionally, the society they live in engage in victim-blaming, and their trauma is minimized. While healthcare institutions are challenged with the pandemic, sexual abuse rates, and their intensity have risen with lockdowns. Although, methods to improve the quality of care are ongoing; additional steps should be taken to control further damage. This paper will give an overview of the SANE program, present the ongoing issues faced by sexual assault patients and some possible solutions to these issues.
Literature Review
ProQuest was primarily used for searching for all four Journal articles and Google Scholar was used for the two websites. The terms sexual assault, “shortage of forensic nurses”, PTSD in sexual assault victims” etc. were used. Results were limited to articles published within the last 5 years.
The first article explained the duties of these health care workers. It explained that these nurses examine the victim to obtain proof of an assault or physical injury. The proof is provided as evidence during the hearing of the case. The nurses also pose questions to the victims to evaluate the assault deeply for a clearer picture of the case scenario. They also administer drugs to prevent any infection as well as testing for pregnancy (Delgadillo, 2017).
The second article induced an existing shortage of SANE nurses in the majority of the developing countries. That goes hand in hand with a shortage of screening facilities in their health care centers. As the article elaborated, there are few forensic programs infiltrated in hospitals. According to SANE, Nurses are in very high demand in many countries. It further claimed that the available number of nurses is minimal considering the highly developing emergency cases (Lavoie et al., 2020).
The third article provided a definition and a better understanding of the term assault, SANE and forensic nurses. It describes sexual assault as any unwilling sexual activity. It provided the more extended version of the abbreviation, “SANE”, as Sexual Assault Nurse examiner. It defined the SANE as a nurse who was given specialized training and education on matters related to sexual harassment. These nurses give services to victims of sexual harassment (Nathan et al., 2020).
The website explained the process of administering prophylaxis to sexual assault victims and that sexual assault victims should be treated as an emergency. It is recommended in the article that anyone who is raped or molested sexually should seek medical care immediately. It stated that once the patient gets to the SANE nurses, they undergo examination, and antibiotics are prescribed to prevent diseases. It provided further information on how to easily access healthcare facilities immediately after the assault (Nodell, 2021).
Another article analyzed the effects of sexual assaults on victims. It stated that the nurses could tell this through their thorough examinations done on the patient. The stated effects further explained that it leads to psychological, emotional, and physical damages on the victim. Physical effects include injuries, mental effects include depression and stress disorders, while emotional effects entail trust issues, fear, and shock (Rivara et al., 2019).
As highlighted in the article by SANE, nurses play a vital role in saving lives. It explained that when a victim gets immediate care as soon as they get to the healthcare worker, infections and contracting diseases such as HIV/AIDS are halted. They also help provide robust evidence that is useful during the court’s hearing. These nurses also offer guidance and counseling to prevent ill motives such as suicide after the activity (Delgadillo, 2017).
The final article explains the effects of PTSD in sexual assault survivors. A detailed study was conducted involving a variety of status factors. Perpetrator identity has been highlighted as a major trigger for PTSD. Since studies were done internationally, several different perspectives were drawn and some conclusions were not evaluated. This article, however, promises to serve as a useful tool for future prospective studies (Scott et al., 2018).
As researched, the SANE nurses are identified as facing problems in their line of duty. As explained, survivors who are not ready to answer questions hinder these nurses’ ability to work effectively (Delgadillo, 2017). The job is mind-blowing and tiresome since it involves convincing the affected individuals against their ill intents and depression.
Discussion
The literature review impacts the research topic, sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) through various ways. This is based on the purpose of the aim of the thesis paper which was to determine the issues experienced by sexual assault patients and the interventions used in solving the problem to such issues. An examiner of sexual assault needs resources in compiling substantial evidence that can be used in assisting the victim get needed care and justice. Evidence plays a major role in litigation processes and systems such as courts. The affected party must prove there is a link between the victim, the sexual assault and the accused persons.
One of the impacts of literature review to the topic is that it provided the role of nurses as part of SANE framework. According to the review, nurses play a major role in examining sexual assault victims and catering the welfare of the victim in mitigating potential adverse effects of sexual assault. Among roles highlighted that are critical towards controlling the adverse impacts of the crime is administering medications to prevent infections. This is critical in that it forms part of the solution on which the paper focusing at developing. the This is important as it helps in defining duties and roles that should be played by the stakeholders in developing effective interventions against sexual assault.
The second impact of literature review on the topic is identifying prevailing challenges to SANE. One of the challenges that was described in details include shortage of SANE nurses in developing countries. The review highlighted that in such countries, there is high prevalence of sexual assault which necessitates the need for a large number of SANE nurses to ensure there is effective management of sexual assault and violence crises. From the analysis provided in the review, a gap is identified in the global healthcare system on how healthcare organizations can utilize available resources to rectify the inconsistencies and disparities brought by low economic development in relation to humanitarian assistance.
The third way in which literature review impacted the topic is by proving a clear and comprehensive foundation towards the role of sexual assault nurse examiners. This is evident in the review through highlights of effects of sexual assaults on victims. Among the effects highlighted in the review include physical damages, psychological and emotional breakdown.
Lastly, the literature review explains the need to implement policies and strategies that address sexual assault as an emergency or huge problem. This is important foundation in establishing the role of SANE in developing emergency treatment plans to assist sexual assault victims.
Conclusion
References
Delgadillo, D. C. (2017). When there is no sexual assault nurse examiner: Emergency nursing care for female adult sexual assault Patients. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 43(4), 308-315. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.006
Lavoie, D. (2020). National shortage of forensic nurses frustrates rape victims. ABC News: https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/national-shortage-forensic-nurses-frustrates-rape-victims-69075114
Nathan, S., & Ferrara, M. (2020). An innovative trauma-informed curriculum for sexual assault Care. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(6). https://journals.healio.com/doi/full/10.3928/01484834-20200520-07
Nodell, B. (2021). 75% of sexual assault survivors have PTSD one month later. UW Medicine Newsroom: https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/75-sexual-assault-survivors-have-ptsd-one-month-later
Rivara, F., Adhia, A., Lyons, V., Massey, A., & Mills, B. (2019). The effects of violence on Health. Health Affairs, 38(10), 1622-1629. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00480
Scott, K. M., Koenen, K. C., King, A., Petukhova, M. V., & Alonso, J. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with sexual assault among women in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 48(1), 155-167. doi:10.1017/S0033291717001593
Annotated Bibliography
Delgadillo, D. C. (2017). When there is no sexual assault nurse examiner: Emergency nursing care for female adult sexual assault Patients. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 43(4), 308-315. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.006
This article recognizes the difficulty in maintaining a SANE program. It also gives a sequential approach to complete care for a sexual assault patient, from the time the patient arrives at the Emergency department till they get discharged. The collection of forensic evidence is also been brushed upon along with the physical and psychological consequences
Lavoie, D. (2020). National shortage of forensic nurses frustrates rape victims. Retrieved from abcnews.go.com: https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/national-shortage-forensic-nurses-frustrates-rape-victims-69075114
This website presents the current crisis faced by the United States; shortage of SANE nurses. It emphasizes the lack of care and humility faced by sexual assault victims due to the unavailability of SANE nurses. Besides the funds needed, many states are planning on innovative plans in providing better care to sexual assault patients.
Nathan, S., & Ferrara, M. (2020). An innovative trauma-informed curriculum for sexual assault Care. Journal of Nursing Education, 59(6). Retrieved from https://journals.healio.com/doi/full/10.3928/01484834-20200520-07
This article gives an overview of SANE and describes a step-by-step process. It emphasizes implementing trauma-informed sexual assault care among nursing. The need for sexual assault forensic nurses has been noted and an attempt is made to resolve this issue by adding sexual assault care to the nursing curriculum and making it available to more students.
Nodell, B. (2021). 75% of sexual assault survivors have PTSD one month later. Retrieved from UW Medicine Newsroom: https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/75-sexual-assault-survivors-have-ptsd-one-month-later
The website asserts that the majority of sexual assault patients have PTSD soon after it happens. Also, after a study, researchers found that symptoms of PTSD got better with time. Although the researchers claim that symptoms get better, it is also highly recommended that patients seek therapy that has proven in healthy recovery.
Rivara, F., Adhia, A., Lyons, V., Massey, A., & Mills, B. (2019). The effects of violence on Health. Health Affairs, 38(10), 1622-1629. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00480
This article talks about different forms of abuse under one umbrella. The mental and physical effects that violence on people of all genders, ages, and the community are explained in detail. Apart from assault-related injuries, long-term health-related issues have been reported. While patients who have been abused can be treated, this article questions primary prevention to be able to prevent it.
Scott, K. M., Koenen, K. C., King, A., Petukhova, M. V., & Alonso, J. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with sexual assault among women in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 48(1), 155-167. doi:10.1017/S0033291717001593
This article talks about different forms of abuse under one umbrella. The mental and physical effects that violence on people of all genders, ages, and the community are explained in detail. Apart from assault-related injuries, long-term health-related issues have been reported. While patients who have been abused can be treated, this article questions primary prevention to be able to prevent it.