College of Computing and Informatics
Assignment 1
Deadline: Monday 2/10/2023 @ 23:59
[Total Mark for this Assignment is 8]
Student Details:
Name: ###
ID: ###
CRN: ###
Instructions:
• You must submit two separate copies (one Word file and one PDF file) using the Assignment Template on
Blackboard via the allocated folder. These files must not be in compressed format.
• It is your responsibility to check and make sure that you have uploaded both the correct files.
• Zero mark will be given if you try to bypass the SafeAssign (e.g. misspell words, remove spaces between
words, hide characters, use different character sets, convert text into image or languages other than English
or any kind of manipulation).
• Email submission will not be accepted.
• You are advised to make your work clear and well-presented. This includes filling your information on the cover
page.
• You must use this template, failing which will result in zero mark.
• You MUST show all your work, and text must not be converted into an image, unless specified otherwise by
the question.
• Late submission will result in ZERO mark.
• The work should be your own, copying from students or other resources will result in ZERO mark.
• Use Times New Roman font for all your answers.
Question One
Pg. 01
Learning
Outcome(s):
Explain the
interdisciplinary
concepts,
theories, and
trends in ES and
their role in
supporting
business
operations
Question One
2 Marks
In your own words, explain the four distinct layers of the conceptual framework
of Extended Enterprise Systems?
Question Two
Pg. 02
Learning
Outcome(s):
Explain the
interdisciplinary
concepts,
theories, and
trends in ES and
their role in
supporting
business
operations
Question Two
2 Marks
In your own words, explain the four Paradigms of Systems Thinking. Support
your answers with one example of each paradigm?
Question Three
Pg. 03
Learning
Outcome(s):
Explain the
interdisciplinary
concepts,
theories, and
trends in ES and
their role in
supporting
business
operations
Question Three
2 Marks
Toy car Manufacturing has a throughput rate of 100 toy car/hr and it takes 1 h
for a toy to go through the process. How many toy cars on average are in the
process? (List all steps performed)
Question Four
Pg. 04
Learning
Outcome(s):
Describe the
development life
cycle of ES and
reengineering
best practices.
Question Four
2 Marks
In your own words, write about Information Architecture. Explain the principal
components for describing the Information architecture?
College of Computing and Informatics
Assignment 1
Deadline: Monday 2/10/2023 @ 23:59
[Total Mark for this Assignment is 8]
Student Details:
Name: ###
ID: ###
CRN: ###
Instructions:
• You must submit two separate copies (one Word file and one PDF file) using the Assignment Template on
Blackboard via the allocated folder. These files must not be in compressed format.
• It is your responsibility to check and make sure that you have uploaded both the correct files.
• Zero mark will be given if you try to bypass the SafeAssign (e.g. misspell words, remove spaces between
words, hide characters, use different character sets, convert text into image or languages other than English
or any kind of manipulation).
• Email submission will not be accepted.
• You are advised to make your work clear and well-presented. This includes filling your information on the cover
page.
• You must use this template, failing which will result in zero mark.
• You MUST show all your work, and text must not be converted into an image, unless specified otherwise by
the question.
• Late submission will result in ZERO mark.
• The work should be your own, copying from students or other resources will result in ZERO mark.
• Use Times New Roman font for all your answers.
Question One
Pg. 01
Learning
Outcome(s):
Explain the
interdisciplinary
concepts,
theories, and
trends in ES and
their role in
supporting
business
operations
Question One
2 Marks
In your own words, explain the four distinct layers of the conceptual framework
of Extended Enterprise Systems?
The conceptual framework of Extended Enterprise Systems (EES) comprises
four distinct layers, each playing a crucial role in the architecture and
functionality of these systems. These layers include the Foundation Layer,
Process Layer, Analytical Layer, and E-business Layer.
Foundation Layer:
The Foundation Layer serves as the bedrock of the EES framework,
encompassing core components that establish the system’s architecture and
provide a solid platform for its operations. A central element of this layer is the
integrated database, which may also take the form of a distributed database.
This integrated database serves as the repository for essential data and
information, ensuring that various components of the EES can access and
utilize this data seamlessly.
Process Layer:
The Process Layer of EES is characterized by being web-based, open, and
componentized, as opposed to merely being “web-enabled.” This layer is
responsible for handling the operational processes and workflows within the
EES. It is designed to be modular and can be deployed as a collection of
dispersed web services. While traditional transaction-based systems are still a
part of this layer, EES also incorporates modules that cater to emerging
business areas beyond manufacturing. However, it’s important to note that
traditional Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) modules, such as financials,
sales, distribution, manufacturing, logistics, and human resources, remain
fundamental to the architecture, forming the backbone of EES operations.
Question One
Pg. 02
Analytical Layer:
The Analytical Layer extends and enriches the core ERP activities by offering
decision support capabilities for managing relationships and addressing
corporate challenges. This layer includes various corporate components that
contribute to data analysis and decision-making processes within the EES.
Notably, not all of these corporate components need to be synchronized with
the integrated database, as third-party services and providers can often
integrate “add-ons” to enhance functionality. As EES evolves, new elements
like Product Life Cycle Management (ERP for R&D) and Employee Life Cycle
Management may be incorporated into this layer to further enhance analytical
capabilities.
E-business Layer:
The E-business Layer serves as the gateway to the EES and encompasses a
range of collaborative components. Within this layer, various stakeholders
interact with the EES, including business partners, customers, employees, and
external systems. It facilitates collaboration, communication, and data
exchange among these stakeholders, enabling seamless interactions within a
company’s ERP II system. This layer is critical for ensuring that the extended
enterprise operates efficiently and effectively by connecting various parties
involved in the business ecosystem.
In summary, the four layers of the conceptual framework of Extended
Enterprise Systems (EES) work in harmony to provide a robust and flexible
platform for managing and optimizing various business processes and
relationships. From the foundational database to the analytical capabilities and
collaborative components, EES plays a pivotal role in modern business
operations by extending the reach and functionality of traditional ERP systems.
Pg. 03
Question One
Question Two
Pg. 04
Learning
Outcome(s):
Explain the
interdisciplinary
concepts,
theories, and
trends in ES and
their role in
supporting
business
operations
Question Two
2 Marks
In your own words, explain the four Paradigms of Systems Thinking. Support
your answers with one example of each paradigm?
The Mechanistic Paradigm:
In the Mechanistic Paradigm, systems are perceived as predictable and
controllable machines. This perspective assumes that a system can be
understood by breaking it down into its constituent parts and analyzing those
parts in isolation. Cause-and-effect relationships are considered linear and
straightforward. For instance, an assembly line in a car manufacturing plant
exemplifies this paradigm. Each step in the assembly process is well-defined
and optimized for efficiency. If a component fails, it can be easily identified and
replaced due to the clear and linear relationships within the system.
The Biological Paradigm:
In the Biological Paradigm, systems are likened to living organisms. This
perspective emphasizes the interdependence of system components and their
ability to adapt and evolve over time. Feedback loops play a crucial role, as
changes in one part of the system can have dynamic and sometimes
unexpected consequences elsewhere. An ecological ecosystem serves as a
prime example of this paradigm. It comprises various species interacting with
one another and their environment. Alterations in one element of the
ecosystem can trigger adaptations and evolutionary shifts throughout the
entire system.
The Ecological Paradigm:
Expanding upon the Biological Paradigm, the Ecological Paradigm considers
systems within a broader context. It acknowledges the interconnectedness of
systems with other systems and the larger environment. This perspective
Question Two
Pg. 05
underscores the need for sustainability and balance to prevent the degradation
of larger ecosystems. A relevant example of the ecological paradigm is the
issue of global climate change. The Earth’s climate system, encompassing the
atmosphere, oceans, and ecosystems, is interconnected. Changes, such as
increased greenhouse gas emissions, can have far-reaching and potentially
catastrophic consequences on a global scale, highlighting the importance of
considering systems within a broader ecological context.
The Cybernetic Paradigm:
The Cybernetic Paradigm perceives systems as information processing
entities. Systems in this paradigm use feedback mechanisms to maintain
stability and achieve predefined goals. Self-regulation and control mechanisms
are central to this perspective. A classic illustration of the cybernetic paradigm
is a thermostat in a heating and cooling system. The thermostat continuously
monitors the room’s temperature and adjusts the heating or cooling system to
maintain a set temperature. It relies on feedback to ensure the desired state is
maintained, showcasing the role of control and feedback within systems.
These four paradigms provide distinct lenses through which complex systems
can be understood and managed. By recognizing and employing the
appropriate paradigm in different contexts, individuals and organizations can
enhance their problem-solving abilities and make more informed decisions
when dealing with diverse and intricate systems.
Question Three
Pg. 06
Learning
Outcome(s):
Explain the
interdisciplinary
Question Three
2 Marks
Toy car Manufacturing has a throughput rate of 100 toy car/hr and it takes 1 h
for a toy to go through the process. How many toy cars on average are in the
process? (List all steps performed)
concepts,
In this analysis, we will demonstrate the computations in a systematic manner
theories, and
by using Little’s Law.
trends in ES and
their role in
supporting
business
operations
The user has indicated that the throughput rate is 100 toy cars per hour, which
corresponds to the average arrival rate (λ). The value provided represents the
mean rate at which toy cars are introduced into the process, denoted by λ, with
a value of 100.
The average duration of time that a toy vehicle spends in the process (W) is
said to be 1 hour.
Now, Little’s Law might be used to determine the mean quantity of toy cars
within the procedure (L).
The equation L = λW represents the relationship between the length (L) and
the wavelength (λ) multiplied by the width (W). In this specific case, when the
wavelength is 100 and the width is 1, the length is calculated to be 100.
The mean quantity of toy cars within the given procedure is 100.
Question Four
Pg. 07
Learning
Outcome(s):
Describe the
development life
cycle of ES and
reengineering
best practices.
Question Four
2 Marks
In your own words, write about Information Architecture. Explain the principal
components for describing the Information architecture?
The notion of Information Architecture (IA) has significant importance within
the realm of information design and organization. Its primary focus is in the
structuring, organization, and presentation of information in a manner that
facilitates user accessibility, comprehension, and navigation. It assumes a
pivotal function in several sectors, including website creation, content
management, data organizing, and user experience design.
The main components used for describing information architecture are as
follows:
The essence of information architecture is in its content. It covers all the
information, data, and media that need organization. The range of content that
may be included encompasses many forms such as text, photos, videos,
documents, and other multimedia elements. A comprehensive comprehension
of the various categories and quantities of material is required in order to
establish a well-organized Information Architecture.
The organization of material is a crucial element to consider. This process
involves the classification and consolidation of interconnected bits of data.
Various methods of organizing often used include hierarchical structures,
taxonomies, and tagging systems. The objective is to provide coherent and
user-friendly routes for individuals to locate desired information.
Navigation is the process through which individuals go through the many
components of information. The website encompasses several elements such
as menus, navigation bars, links, and search features. The use of efficient
navigation systems guarantees that users may effortlessly navigate through
the material and effortlessly get the desired information without experiencing
confusion or annoyance.
The practice of labeling entails the use of distinct and significant labels to both
content and navigation components. The appropriate practice for labeling is to
ensure that labels are succinct, uniform, and faithfully represent the
corresponding material. Carefully selected labels contribute to the user’s
comprehension and facilitate navigation.
Pg. 08
Question Four
The inclusion of search capabilities is of utmost importance in the management
of extensive libraries of information. This feature enables users to efficiently
locate precise information. The implementation of a proficient search engine
equipped with pertinent filters and ranking algorithms is crucial for the
development of a resilient information architecture.
The comprehension of user interaction with information is crucial. User flow
diagrams depict the many routes that users traverse through a website or
system. The process of examining user flows facilitates the identification of
bottlenecks and places that need enhancements.
The creation of wireframes and prototypes is a pragmatic approach in the
design of information architecture (IA). Wireframes are visual representations
that depict the basic structure and functioning of a website or system, with a
primary emphasis on the arrangement of elements and their operational
characteristics. Prototypes are interactive models that facilitate the evaluation
and enhancement of the information architecture (IA) prior to the
commencement of development.
The incorporation of accessibility issues is of utmost importance within the field
of information architecture (IA). In order to guarantee the accessibility of
information to all users, including those with disabilities, it is essential to use
appropriate coding methodologies, include alternate text for pictures, and
implement other accessibility features.
Scalability is an essential characteristic of a well-designed information
architecture (IA), since it should possess the capacity to accommodate
expansion in both content and functionality. The system should possess
sufficient flexibility to accommodate evolving requirements without
necessitating a comprehensive reconfiguration.
The process of user testing plays a crucial role in validating the information
architecture (IA). The use of usability testing involving genuine users facilitates
the identification of potential usability concerns, hence enabling the
implementation of modifications based on authentic user input.
In essence, Information Architecture pertains to the systematic arrangement
and categorization of information with the aim of enhancing its usability for
users. The major components include many aspects such as content,
organization, navigation, labeling, search functionality, user flow,
Pg. 09
Question Four
wireframes/prototypes, accessibility considerations, scalability, and user
testing. A properly structured information architecture (IA) plays a crucial role in
optimizing user experience, streamlining information retrieval processes, and
ultimately bolstering the overall effectiveness of digital goods and services.
Pg. 10
Question Four
Kaur, J., & Kaur, R. (2018). Estimating Risks Related to Extended Enterprise Systems (EES).
In Analyzing the Role of Risk Mitigation and Monitoring in Software Development (pp. 118135). IGI Global.
