RESEARCH PROJECT DRAFT ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
Using your research and Outline, you will work on the Draft of the 3000–5,000-word paper,
complying with the instructions below.
INSTRUCTIONS
Format
3,000–5,000 words, double-spaced, not including title and reference pages
Times New Roman, 12-point font
Left justified
One-inch margins
Current APA format
Numbered pages
At least 20 scholarly articles from peer-reviewed journals, no more than 10 years old
Block quotations for any quotes more than 40 words:
Reference page in current APA format including active URL links
Single spacing between references and double spacing within the reference
Content
A title page that includes:
o “Running head:” and page number (right aligned)
o Course number and name
o Case name
o Date submitted
o “Respectfully submitted to: (Instructor’s Name)”
Abstract (in block format)
Content of your topic and/or paper (review the associated grading rubric)
o Use concepts from the textbook that are related to your topic, including page
numbers where the concepts may be found. Credit will only be earned for
concepts supported by page numbers from the textbook. (Essentially, this is
accomplished through integration of the relevant course content, using properly
formatted, current APA citations.)
o Use in-text citations in current APA format to credit sources listed in the
reference list as appropriate.
Conclusion
References
Plagiarism
Plagiarism will not be tolerated. Plagiarism commonly occurs when the student utilizes an
author’s words without properly attributing the source. All sources must be referenced. No
cutting and pasting or copying is appropriate unless quoting. Purchasing papers of any form will
result in automatic failure for the course and a recommendation for expulsion.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. The tool
is a starting point for instructors to check overall Academic Integrity and higher scores generally
indicate a higher probability of Academic Misconduct. The higher a score, the higher the
probability that there are too many quotations included in the narrative, and/or there are passages
that have not been properly cited.
Criteria Ratings Points
Abstract 10 to >9.
0 pts
Advanced
• All required
information is
included. • No
extraneous
information is
included; formatting is
correct.
9 to >7.0 pts
Proficient
• All required information
is included. • Some
extraneous information is
included; formatting is
correct.
7 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Some required
information is included.
• Extraneous information
is included; formatting is
not correct.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Introduction
10 to >9.0 pts
Advanced
• Background
information is
engaging and leads
to a clear
purpose/thesis
statement.
• Relevance to
course/topic is
articulated well.
• Research
question(s) or
purpose statement is
clear and concise.
• Two or 3 main
discussion points of
the literature review
are clearly identified
in the purpose
statement.
9 to >7.0 pts
Proficient
• Background information
is at times unclear or
uninteresting.
• Relevance to
course/topic could be
more clearly articulated.
• Research question(s) or
purpose statement could
be stated more clearly
and concisely. • Main
discussion points could
be more clearly
articulated.
7 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Background information
is not clearly articulated.
• Relevance to
course/topic is unclear.
• Research question(s) or
purpose statement is
unidentifiable. • Main
discussion points are not
identified in the purpose
statement.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Content 20 to >17.0 pts
Advanced
• Thorough
comparison and
contrast of findings
are provided and
relate to the main
discussion points in
the order of their
appearance in the
purpose statement.
• Focus is on
research findings.
• Gaps and
controversies that
exist in the literature
are clearly discussed.
17 to >16.0 pts
Proficient
• Comparison and
contrast of the findings
are provided but lack
thoroughness.
• Discussion of findings
could relate better to the
main discussion points in
the purpose statement.
• Gaps and controversies
in the literature are
discussed, but clarity
could be enhanced.
16 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Comparison and
contrast of findings are
lacking. • Discussion of
findings does not relate
well to the main
discussion points in the
purpose statement.
• Gaps (what is unknown
and needs to be
researched) and
controversies that exist in
the literature are not
discussed.
0 pts
Not
Present
20 pts
Research Project Draft Grading Rubric | BUSI611_B01_202220
Criteria Ratings Points
Conclusion 10 to >9.0 pts
Advanced
• A summary of the
main points is clearly
articulated.
• Implications or
conclusions related to
business practice(s)
are logical, relevant,
and clear. • Areas of
future research are
clearly identified.
9 to >7.0 pts
Proficient
• A summary of the main
points is presented, but
clarity could be enhanced.
• Implications or
conclusions related to
business practice(s) are
included but lack logic,
relevance, or clarity.
• Areas of future research
are identified but lack
clarity.
7 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• A summary of the main
points is not clearly
presented. • Implications
or conclusions related to
business practice(s) are
absent, illogical, irrelevant,
or unclear. • Areas of
future research are not
identified.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
Word Count 10 to >9.0 pts
Advanced
• The word count is
3,000–5,000.
9 to >7.0 pts
Proficient
• The word count is
2,000–2999.
7 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• The word count is
1–1,999.
0 pts
Not
Present
10 pts
References
(Number of
Sources Utilized)
10 to >9.0 pts
Advanced
• A total of 15 or
more scholarly
articles from
peer-reviewed
sources is included.
9 to >7.0 pts
Proficient
A total of 10-14 more
scholarly articles from
peer-reviewed sources
are included.
7 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• 5-9 scholarly articles
from peer-reviewed
sources are included.
0 pts
Not
Present
Less
than 5
or not
present
10 pts
Title Page
6 to >5.0 pts
Advanced
• All required
information is
included. • No
extraneous
information is
included.
5 to >4.0 pts
Proficient
• All required information
is included. • Some
extraneous information is
included.
4 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Some required
information is included.
• Extraneous information
is included.
0 pts
Not
Present
6 pts
Research Project Draft Grading Rubric | BUSI611_B01_202220
Criteria Ratings Points
Logical Flow 6 to >5.0 pts
Advanced
• The reader is
guided smoothly
through the logically
arranged paper.
• Current APA level
headings are used.
• No headings are
left alone at the
bottom of a page.
5 to >4.0 pts
Proficient
• The overall
arrangement is logical but
is occasionally difficult to
follow. • A minor
formatting error or 2 are
noted in the headings.
• No headings are left
alone at the bottom of a
page.
4 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• The arrangement of
content is haphazard and
difficult to follow.
• Headings are not
present or are formatted
inappropriately. • One (or
more) heading is alone at
the bottom of a page.
0 pts
Not
Present
6 pts
Font, Margins and
Spacing
6 to >5.0 pts
Advanced
• Times New Roman
or Arial is used. • A
margin of 1 1/2 inch is
used on the left
border; margins of 1
inch are used on the
top, right, and bottom
borders. • Page
number and page
header are inserted at
the top of each page.
• Double-spacing is
used between all
lines. • There is only
1 space between
sentences.
• Paragraphs are
indented 5 spaces.
5 to >4.0 pts
Proficient
• Times New Roman or
Arial is used through most
of the document. • A
margin of 1 1/2 inch is
used on the left border;
margins of 1 inch are
used on the top, right, and
bottom borders. • Page
number and page header
are absent or typed rather
than inserted at the top of
each page.
• Double-spacing is used
between most lines.
• There is only 1 space
between sentences.
• Paragraphs are
indented 5 spaces.
4 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Times New Roman or
Arial is not used. • A
margin of 1 1/2 inch is not
used on the left border;
margins of 1 inch are not
used on the top, right, and
bottom borders. • Page
number and page header
are absent or typed rather
than inserted at the top of
each page.
• Double-spacing is not
used consistently between
lines. • There is often
more than 1 space
between sentences.
• Paragraphs are not
indented 5 spaces.
0 pts
Not
Present
6 pts
References
(Formatting)
6 to >5.0 pts
Advanced
• Proper formatting is
used throughout the
reference list. • Each
reference has a
matching citation(s).
5 to >4.0 pts
Proficient
• A minor formatting error
or 2 are noted in the
reference list. • Each
reference has a matching
citation(s).
4 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Multiple formatting
errors occurred in the
reference list. • One or
more reference does not
have a matching citation.
0 pts
Not
Present
6 pts
Spelling/Grammar 6 to >5.0 pts
Advanced
• Spelling and
grammar are correct.
5 to >4.0 pts
Proficient
• Spelling and grammar
are mostly correct with
only 1–2 errors noted.
4 to >0.0 pts
Developing
• Spelling and grammar
require further review with
3–6 errors noted.
0 pts
Not
Present
6 pts
Research Project Draft Grading Rubric | BUSI611_B01_202220
Criteria Ratings Points
Total Points: 100
Research Project Draft Grading Rubric | BUSI611_B01_202220
Healthcare Scheduling
Lateka Payne
Liberty University
February 13, 2022
Pamela Kelly
14377000000108426
6
missing information – see template. Also do not forget running head
2
Abstract
Healthcare scheduling aims to ensure robust allocation of the necessary healthcare
resources that will assist healthcare facilities in meeting the needs. On the other hand, patient
appointment scheduling involves various activities, including planning when the patient visits the
facility to confirm that all the important resources are available. Healthcare appointment
scheduling has witnessed a wide variety of alterations that are currently shaping the face of this
department, enabling it to become better and better. The report highlights the important role of
appointment scheduling in guaranteeing positive patient outcomes. It plays the lead role in
ensuring the patient will receive the ultimate care they need with the available resources. This
study aims to discuss the factors that must be considered in implementing healthcare scheduling
and the impacts of effective and efficient scheduling in
improving patient care.
Research Questions
1. What factors should be taken into consideration when formulating healthcare scheduling?
2. How does efficient and effective patient appointment scheduling influence patient
outcomes” Is the association positive and negative?
3. Do organizations improve healthcare scheduling impact within the healthcare
organization?
Introduction
Approximately 15% of the total gross of the United States is represented in the healthcare
industry. The expenditures in healthcare are growing at such a rate that the amount of money
required to finance healthcare is currently standing at 45% of all spending in healthcare (Daknou
et al., 2012). By 2050, the amount is expected to have doubled. Some Americans, especially
Pamela Kelly
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should be apart of the essay not stand alone questions.
Pamela Kelly
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The abstract here reads more like an introduction. Reminder, abstract is a standalone summary written after the completion of the paper, that should include objectives, methods, findings/results, and conclusion that addresses implications.
Pamela Kelly
143770000001084266
very confused about the presentation of this assignment as your assignment is a literature review not a research activity. You do not have ample data for an actual research. Students are expected to review sources that already exist on the approved topic.
Pamela Kelly
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3
those covered by employers sponsored, have expected double premiums as a staff is shifting to a
greater and better portion of rapidly increasing healthcare costs to the workers. Suppose various
factors such as increasing demand for chronic care, aging population, strained public and private
care budgets to this mix. In that case, there is increased pressure on health services providers to
enhance efficiency. Appointment scheduling is in between the intersection of efficiency and
timely access to health facilities. Convenient access needs to realize good medical outcomes.
Also, it determines the development of patient satisfaction. There are a variety of factors that
determines the ability to provide timely access, such as fundamental questions about which type
and how many physical assets and gear are a health system should invest in, how it should
allocate resources between various sites, how are the appointments planned, and how should
staff each hospital or clinic site. This study aims to discuss the factors that must be considered in
implementing healthcare scheduling and the impacts of effective and efficient scheduling in
improving patient care.
Literature Review
The healthcare industry has many technological advances towards scheduling for patients
and healthcare staff. The availability of these advances can decrease by various patient
dissatisfaction such as patient quality care, patient wait time, and patient satisfaction rate
(Benatyeb et al., 2019). The patient waiting time is reduced by models of patient appointment
scheduling and maximizes the usage of resources, healthcare providers, equipment’s and staff
while the access to care is expanded. Some barriers can be created by the non-automated forms
of scheduling and challenge the patient while making efforts to obtain healthcare services from
having trouble accessing the health organization scheduler, limited appointment available, long
phone waiting time, and lack of healthcare providers. Most healthcare institutions adopt
4
electronic scheduling, running on the computer platform that utilizes and generates information
to produce flexible, efficient scheduling formats. The United States spends more than 18% of its
total gross domestic product on healthcare (Gur and Eren, 2018). High cost is among the
significant problems faced in the United States system, which regularly does not translate
healthcare quality.
Healthcare costs rise each year, and greater efforts need to be introduced to cut costs and
ensure that all patients have cost-effective healthcare services despite awareness being available.
Patients’ inappropriate use of emergency services can be increased by long delays in scheduling
systems, which increases healthcare expenses. Often, patients cannot receive benefits when in
need. The emergency rooms are their first source of care services. The issues of using emergency
sectors to seek non-urgent matters or life-threatening are their costs. More than twenty million
visits to the emergency department, where approximately two-thirds of emergency doctors are
avoidable. Some conditions can be treated in and managed in the primary care setting (Gur and
Eren, 2018). The treating cost in the emergency department is higher than the general healthcare
provider’s offices. Some patients use the traditional scheduling system to plan for appointments
and face difficulties getting a position in the emergency sectors may appear as their only hope.
Some conflicts may arise because of the traditional patient scheduling. Service eminence and
competence, healthcare cost, the productivity of the healthcare staff, and patient results and
outcomes may be impacted. To implement a more actual and effective patient scheduling system,
efforts must be made to ensure patients are offered the best care possible, especially acute and
chronic patients. This ensures that the total cost of care is controlled to avoid adding to the
growing cost of care. The emergency department should not be relied on as their form of care; it
is the responsibility of the healthcare organizations to introduce and adopt the current scheduling
5
system to ensure patients are receiving the best care (Hall, 2012). Organizations using the
traditional scheduling system must conduct analysis and collect data to understand the negative
effects caused to the patients and the entire healthcare in general. There will be a better effort
through current scheduling to minimize the curb on inappropriate use of emergency rooms and
extra steps to start modern healthcare practices to offer the essential care services for the patients.
Healthcare institutions must recognize any possible signs of using a traditional scheduling
system and guarantee that patients can receive the best services possible. Organizations that lean
on the Lord for guidance and discernment can implement the most active scheduling system to
ensure that they can enlarge care access.
Methodology
The research used a qualitative research method through questionnaires as the data
collection tool. The research participants were medical practitioners who were randomly picked
from three clinics. Their roles were to provide insights into the various factors that should be
considered when formulating healthcare scheduling and the impacts of effective scheduling on
patient outcomes and overall facility outcomes.
Results
This section will focus on analyzing the study’s outcomes, including various aspects such
as how effective and efficient patient appointment scheduling will play an integral role in
improving the consequences of the patients (Boone et al., 2022). Other topics discussed in this
section include the factors taken into consideration when implementing patient scheduling in
health care, the impacts of effective and efficient patient scheduling, and their impacts on overall
healthcare.
Pamela Kelly
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not sure where information is coming from. You did not do a survey with questionaries?
Pamela Kelly
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what study are you referencing?
6
Social Demographic profiles of respondents
The social demographic variables include sex, age, and education. The study will focus
on these three aspects because the intervention takes in highly professional institutions and will
thus focus on only acquiring the necessary information.
Age of Respondent
Age is the duration of time that different respondents have had in their lifespan. The table below
illustrates the age of the individuals used in the study.
Classification Age
Female 20 – 55
Male 23 = 65
4.1.2. Respondent’s age and gender
Gender is the aspect that differentiates the respondents from a biological perspective. The table
below illustrates the genders of the respondents used in the study.
7
The pie chart illustrates that most of the study respondents were female, occupying 64 percent,
while the male respondents constituted 34%. The age and gender evaluations were carried out to
determine the gender and age of the respondents that can perceive the importance of patient
scheduling to boost patient outcomes.
. Respondents’ level of education.
The respondents’ level of education is carried out to determine the respondents’ highest level of
educational qualifications.
Female Male
Gender of Respondents in %
8
As expected, it is clear from the above illustration that the majority of the nurses within the
health facilities were highly qualified individuals who have vast knowledge in understanding
how patient scheduling would benefit healthcare while boosting patient outcomes at the same
time. Conducting an educational background played an integral role in promoting the validity of
the research.
Factors to be taken into consideration when developing healthcare scheduling
Appointment Intervals
85% of the respondents agreed that appointment intervals were an important aspect
healthcare practitioners consider when implementing appointment scheduling. The participants
pinpointed that their health facilities schedule patients at different intervals such as 10, 15, or 20
minutes manually or through the computer system (Azadeh et al., 2015). They also added that
depending on the type of appointment the patient was needed, the health facilities tend to
schedule more than one block. For instance, the healthcare facilities use a 10-minute interval for
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Diploma Degree Other Qualification
No. of Respondents
No. of Respondents in %
9
patients who need their blood pressure checked, while a new patient can be provided with a
schedule of three ten-minute intervals. According to the participants, establishing a basis where
patient appointments are based on a break has played an integral role in making it easy for
practitioners to conduct physical examinations and special procedures instead of routine follow-
ups with
patients.
Physicians’ needs and preferences
76% of the respondents agreed that considering the needs and preferences of the
physician is important in the implementation of a reliable scheduling program. In connection to
this, the practitioners highlighted that sometimes the physician might need to conduct physical
examinations or surgical procedures at a particular time and a precise number of times per day
(Hall, 2019). According to the nurses, there are certain times when the physician might need to
conduct other tasks such as performing hospital rounds to ensure that the admitted patients are
doing well or paying nurse-home visits. Therefore the patients end up getting locked out. The
medical practitioner may also need to take lunch breaks and catch up with other physicians
(Huang, 2016). As a result, considering this aspect into the practice is important in enabling
patients to have appointments when it is convenient for the practitioner to boost the quality of
health outcomes.
Healthcare amenities and equipment requirements
Another variable that significantly impacted healthcare scheduling is the availability of
equipment and facilities in the setting. 89% of the respondents agreed that healthcare scheduling
should be based on equipment availability, such as the necessary machines in the examination
rooms (Kanakoglu et al., 2020). The participants agreed that it is important for one or two
10
physicians to meet patients whenever the facility is open for optimal utilization of resources. As
a result, this plays an integral role in improving the efficiency and time administration for seeing
patients.
Impacts of effective and efficient scheduling on patient outcome
The participants agreed that implementing effective and efficient patient scheduling has
created many positive relationships, especially boosting patient outcomes. For instance, effective
and efficient scheduling has played an integral role in reducing missed appointments, managing
referrals, and improving patient engagement and access due to the extension of appointment
scheduling hours. Reliable scheduling has also played the integral role of enabling practitioners
to deliver timely reminders to patients and follow-ups, which is critical to improving the rate of
recovery and reducing hospital readmissions.
Impacts of patient scheduling on healthcare
92% of the nursing professionals pinpoint that effective and efficient patient scheduling
has had meaningful impacts on healthcare outcomes. For instance, a lot of scheduling is done
through computers which provides these organizations with ideal opportunities that they can
explore to improve the productivity levels of the nurses by providing them with ample time to
relax to avoid burning out, which increases the risk of medical errors (Kuo et al., 2020).
Automatic scheduling aims to boost the match between the different healthcare resources,
including nurses, examination rooms, medicines, doctors, and a high rate of responding to patient
needs. This is because a reliable scheduling system focuses on minimizing waits for patients
while at the same time amplifying the usage of key resources by tracking the available resources
while accurately predicting future demand for medical services. Also, 85% of the respondents
11
highlight that patient scheduling plays an integral role in enabling hospitals to save money which
they can use to implement an ideal ideology that they can use to invest in a scheduling program.
81% of the respondents support the fact that computerization of the appointment
scheduling system has reduced the number of commuting patients as the majority of appointment
scheduling can be done remotely. This has resulted in the individualism of healthcare (Lee and
Lee, 2020). This has also reduced the number of patients waiting in line, allowing nurses to have
a conducive environment to produce positive patient outcomes. However, some participants were
quick to point out that automation of patient scheduling is a beneficial adventure, although many
caregivers are still suffering from the deficiency of developing better resources that will focus on
fulfilling the patient’s needs (Pool et al., 2019). From this regard, the individual placed in the
managerial position is the one who does not have skills in engineering or organizational training.
As a result, the healthcare facility lacks the relevant sophistication that will assist in delivering
efficiency to patients.
Discussion
The results reveal that various key factors should be considered when implementing a
healthcare scheduling system. One of these factors includes appointment interval, which ensures
that the medical practitioners will set adequate time to respond to the needs of the patients and
their personal needs (Saure et al., 2020). Therefore, scheduling appointments in intervals of 10,
15, or 20 minutes is highly important in ensuring that patients can participate at that given time
to improve their health outcomes. Also, other factors influence healthcare schedules, including
facilities and material requirements and physicians’ needs and preferences. All these aspects
should be paid attention to to guarantee a quality working environment for the patients.
12
The results illustrate that appointment scheduling has attracted positive impacts by
boosting patient outcomes and the nursing practice. For instance, appointment scheduling has
helped create patient engagement where patients can comfortably book appointments through
their mobile phones instead of waiting in the queue (Nasir and Dang, 2018). Also, the meeting is
high because the patients play the main role in developing the health goals they would want to
accomplish and follow up with the medical practitioners to ensure that they understand the
measures they can take to achieve their goals. Additionally, it has helped improve patient
outcomes due to the quality care provided in the facility, which has also diminished the rates of
readmission. Alternatively, healthcare facilities have been positively impacted by this move
(Munavalli et al., 2020). From the results section, it is clear that they have helped reduce
employee burnout by shifting the majority of services to online platforms where patients can
keep track of their appointments and medications. As a result, the nurses have a lot of quality
time they can use to improve the health outcomes of the admitted patients more satisfactorily.
Apart from that, the results further identify that the benefits of patient scheduling are not
employed by some organizations mainly because the management is not educated enough to
understand the program’s benefits (Luscombe and Kozan, 2016). Therefore, the study developed
numerous that will enable these hospitals and other facilities that were not selected to participate
in the survey to identify the various ways through which they can use to boost the quality of
patient scheduling in their organization. The first strategy is to leverage technology to ensure that
the patient will receive timely messages or emails reminding them of their upcoming
appointment. Therefore, the main goal for managers, in this case, would be to ensure that their
healthcare facilities have automated texting that functions by sending notifications and providing
an opportunity for the patient to ask questions that they may be having (Vermeulen et al., 2012).
13
Automated notifications include a wide variety of options such as “cancel,” “confirm,” and
“reschedule (Qu et al., 2012).” It should also boost transparency by informing the patients on
things such as cancellation fees and policies to help in reducing no-shows.
The management should prioritize the implementation of patient-based scheduling based
on the urgency of the medical appointment they need. The reason for this is that healthcare needs
tend to vary with speed. Therefore, higher priority should be assigned to patients in critical
conditions such as chronic illnesses by scheduling the same day (Regan-Smith, 2012). Other
conditions that should not be prioritized include allergies or side effects developing from
consuming certain types of medications. The patient can be educated on the remedies they can
adopt at home or through online consultation. Healthcare should also maintain an active waiting
list, which effectively reduces the impacts of cancellations and no-shows. Notifications can be
dispatched to the patients informing them of vacant slots that have opened up so that those who
need to come in early for their appointments can reduce missed appointments. Also, unfilled
positions can be advertised for those who need to fill in same-day appointments that arise within
the day.
Apart from that, appointment scheduling can be made more effective and efficient by
keeping a tight record of trends such as identifying the patient who tends to cancel their medical
appointments frequently and finding out why they are adopting this behavior. This is important
in understanding the measures employed to create assignments that suit their convenience
(Wojtys et al., 2012). Also, the patients can be provided with time slots that they can use to
preschedule their selections up to a time convenient for those who have a habit of canceling at all
times, especially postponing a few minutes before. Tracking such information is important in
Pamela Kelly
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not understanding the
14
enabling the practitioner to make the necessary steps to reduce waiting times, improve care
quality and abolish bottlenecks that tend to hinder the excellence of care.
Another recommendation is to opt for visit duration, where a standard wellness criterion
is used to allocate more time to patients with adverse medical conditions while administering less
time to the patients who do not need urgent care (Valizadeh et al., 2020). Create patient
scheduling services such as fixing appointments, including eligibility verification of the
insurance and development of personal accounts. Streamlining these services is highly important
in optimizing the healthcare cycle administration. Healthcare facilities should be rewarded with a
broad range of professionals who will ensure that the patient appointment scheduling is managed
to enable the facility to gain patient trust, boost the productivity of the nurses, and bring a
positive impact on the revenue cycle.
Conclusion
As a concluding remark, it is clear from the above illustrations that patient scheduling
using computers is more beneficial than the traditional mode of scheduling which was mainly
based on written records. As a result, many patients would miss important appointments,
preventing them from accomplishing their health goals. However, automatic scheduling brings
great paybacks to the patient outcome by boosting engagement and reducing the readmission
rate. The appointments provide patients with key information that they can follow to avoid
relapsing to the same illness. It is also evident that some hospitals are lagging in implementing
this program. However, implementing the above steps in the discussion will play an integral role
in creating a flexible healthcare system interconnected by positive relationships.
15
References
Abdalkareem, Z. A., Amir, A., Al-Betar, M. A., Ekhan, P., & Hammouri, A. I. (2021).
Healthcare scheduling in optimization context: A review. Health and Technology, 11(3),
445-469.
Azadeh, A., Baghersad, M., Farahani, M. H., & Zarrin, M. (2015). Semi-online patient
scheduling in pathology laboratories. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 64(3), 217-226.
Bentayeb, D., Lahrichi, N., & Rousseau, L. M. (2019). Patient scheduling based on a service-
time prediction model: a data-driven study for a radiotherapy center. Health care
management science, 22(4), 768-782.
Boone, C. E., Celhay, P., Gertler, P., Gracner, T., & Rodriguez, J. (2022). How Scheduling
Systems with Automated Appointment Reminders Improve Health Clinic
Efficiency. Journal of Health Economics, 102598.
Daknou, A., Zgaya, H., Hammadi, S., & Hubert, H. (2012, February). A dynamic patient
scheduling at the emergency department in hospitals. In 2010 IEEE workshop on health
care management (WHCM) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Gür, Ş., & Eren, T. (2018). Application of operational research techniques in operating room
scheduling problems: A literature overview. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2018.
Hall, R. W. (2012). Handbook of healthcare system scheduling. New York: Springer Science+
Business Media, LLC.
Huang, Y. L. (2016). The development of patient scheduling groups for an effective appointment
system. Applied clinical informatics, 7(01), 43-58.
16
Kandakoglu, A., Sauré, A., Michalowski, W., Aquino, M., Graham, J., & McCormick, B. (2020).
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