Yindra Burgos Farah
Behavioral Economics Principle
Behavioral economics entails a domain of economics that assimilates economics and psychology in evaluating human behavior, describing the decision-making criteria for human beings and why their behaviors may not reflect their best interests. These principles expose an individual’s inner biases and their approaches to decision-making. Through understanding the individual’s ways of making decisions, one can make informed decisions about their health. This principle focuses on identifying people’s triggers and shifting those focus into positive, healthy mindsets.
The behavioral economics principle nudges a slight tweak in a person’s environment to guide decision-making. For instance, healthcare may offer hyperbolic discounting where they offer a medical aid such as a lab test for free within a limited time before it expires. This act creates urgency within people and motivates them to be up-to-date with their health to seize healthcare opportunities when it arises (Carminati, 2020 p.652). Additionally, the behavioral economics principle influences people’s perception of time. It helps them remember medical care or services for their family members or themselves that they may have forgotten through emails, calendars, and text messages reminders.
Behavioral economics results in better benefits when applied appropriately to strengthen rules-based on conventional economics. This principle acknowledges that people generally do not know what is best for them, do not act sensibly in the economic sense, and they make decisions based on their limited knowledge or lack thereof (Volpp & Asch, 2017 p.272). With the help of health insurance and health care programs, people are trained to focus their daily behavioral patterns on better health practices for themselves and their families. The principles guide and lead them to focus their behavior on practices that can better serve their health.
References
Carminati, L. (2020). Behavioral Economics and Human Decision Making: Instances from the Health Care System. Health Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.03.012
Volpp, K. G., & Asch, D. A. (2017). Make the healthy choice the easy choice: Using behavioral economics to advance a culture of health. In QJM. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcw190
Maria Lazarte
The World Health Organization (WHO) refutes the traditional definition of health as the absence of infirmity or disease. Instead, the WHO defines health as a holistic state of mental, physical, emotional, and social well-being that can be achieved by making the correct decisions. It is prudent to note that most diseases are associated with behavioural changes. It involves financial choices such as regular checkups, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding situations associated with an illness (Guinart, & Kane, 2019). The choice of health behaviour is paramount to improving health because they include the actions, reactions, or response of a person to prevent disease, improve the quality of life and promote health
One primary principle of behavioural economics is loss aversion, and all that human beings are motivated towards eradicating a loss in the long run. The principle makes people more concerned with the tendency of failure than the probability to gain. With people seeking immediate gratification, the principle explains why people have been having challenges engaging in positive lifestyles. Junk food tastes sweeter, while physical exercise is costly and requires time. However, the long-term effect of physical activity and a healthy diet is a healthy body, which improves the quality of life (Corr, & Plagnol, 2018). Most healthcare promotion programs encourage people to adopt behavioural changes to achieve better health outcomes. Insurance agents charge more premiums among people with harmful lifestyles, such as smokers, to ensure that they see the destructive lifestyle as a loss more than again.
The behavioural economics principle discussed makes people view a positive lifestyle such as carrying out physical exercise and eating a healthy diet as more beneficial in the long run. A parent who buys junk food for their family because it is cheaper than a balanced diet will learn about the long term effect of obesity and other related illnesses, which would cost him more to treat his family (Hare et al., 2021). The behavioural economic principle enables a person to see the long-term effect of the behaviours and further make the person adopt cheaper practices.
References
Corr, P., & Plagnol, A. (2018). Behavioural economics: The basics. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Behavioral-Economics-The-Basics/Corr-Plagnol/p/book/9781138228917
Guinart, D., & Kane, J. M. (2019). Use of behavioural economics to improve medication adherence in severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 70(10), 955-957. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900116
Hare, A. J., Patel, M. S., Volpp, K., & Adusumalli, S. (2021). The Role of Behavioral Economics in Improving Cardiovascular Health Behaviors and Outcomes. Current cardiology reports, 23(11), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-021-01584-2
Maria Lazarte
3 hours ago, at 4:02 PM
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Women Adolescents
Part 1
“Progress and challenges in “Getting to Zero” new HIV infections in Miami, Florida”
Florida has the highest rates of new HIV and other STI infections in the USA. A Miami Dade getting to zero task force was formed to evaluate the strategies of reducing the HIV infection to zero. The purpose of the article is, therefore, to determine the effectiveness of the task force in preventing STIs in Florida,
The condition of interest is HIV infections, whose growth rate has been exponentially in the state, especially in Miami. Public awareness and factors to prevent the disease through the use of the Abstain Be faithful Condom use (ABC) model and how the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PreP) helps in lowering the rate of infections (Escudero et al., 2019). The community of interest is Miami in the Sothern parts of Florida. The group is primarily women and adolescents because they are at a higher risk of being infected with STDs.
The strategy involves using primary health care workers to increase awareness programs and offer HIV testing services at strategic places in the community to know their status. Further, the awareness programs focus on the people who have been exposed and are given alternatives to get rid of the virus seventy hours after the exposure. The strategy was implemented by forming teams and involving volunteers who moved from one place to another, educating women and adolescents on flattening the infection curve. The program was evaluated by having a checklist to tick appropriately the region where awareness camps were successful to repeat the programs in areas that were not well covered (Escudero et al., 2019).
The source provides doable ideas for my project, which involves creating awareness. When creating awareness, using the local authorities and healthcare providers helps have a massive data pool. Having a checklist on the coverage is critical to ensure no region is left unattended (Escudero et al., 2019).
Part 2
1.
Annotated Bibliography
Peragallo Montano, N., Cianelli, R., Villegas, N., Gonzalez-Guarda, R., Williams, W. O., & de Tantillo, L. (2019). Community agency personnel will evaluate a culturally tailored HIV risk reduction intervention among Hispanic women delivered in a real-world setting. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(4), 566-575. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0890117118807716
The article focused on a randomized controlled trial that tested how healthcare awareness and cultural orientation helps to reduce the cases of HIV among Hispanic women worldwide. Though the participants were recruited from a refugee camp in Miami, it included people from other parts of the world. It presented a global overview of how prevention strategies can interfere with cultural interference. A culturally tailored intervention proved that when carrying out an awareness on HIV and other STIs, it is paramount to align the awareness training to the cultural extraction of the people. Measures that are against the participants’ culture are likely to affect the population.
2. Annotated Bibliography
Holder, C. L., Perez-Gilbe, H. R., Fajardo, F. J., Garcia, S., & Cyrus, E. (2019). There are disparities in HIV risk and PrEP use among transgender women of colour in South Florida. Journal of the National Medical Association, 111(6), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2019.08.001
The National Medical Association is a governmental agency that collects research materials that are likely to improve the health outcome in the population. The article focuses on the Transgender women in Florida, most of who are Hispanics and the blacks and who are at a higher risk of acquiring the disease. Sixty women were extracted from different parts of Florida and given a questionnaire on whether methods of preventing HIV are well covered in among the women, but the major challenge is the Pre Exposure Prophylaxis and most of the women are not aware of it thereby resulting in the high rates of infection. The use of the PreP measures must be publicized worldwide.
Reference
s
Escudero, D. J., Bennett, B., Suarez, S., Darrow, W. W., Mayer, K. H., & Seage III, G. R. (2019). Progress and challenges in “Getting to Zero” new HIV infections in Miami, Florida. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 18, 2325958219852122.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2325958219852122
Holder, C. L., Perez-Gilbe, H. R., Fajardo, F. J., Garcia, S., & Cyrus, E. (2019). There are disparities in HIV risk and PrEP use among transgender women of colour in South Florida. Journal of the National Medical Association, 111(6), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2019.08.001
Peragallo Montano, N., Cianelli, R., Villegas, N., Gonzalez-Guarda, R., Williams, W. O., & de Tantillo, L. (2019). Community agency personnel will evaluate a culturally tailored HIV risk reduction intervention among Hispanic women delivered in a real-world setting. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(4), 566-575. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0890117118807716
Thompson, E. L., Mahony, H., Noble, C., Wang, W., Ziemba, R., Malmi, M., … & Daley, E. M. (2018). Rural and urban differences in sexual behaviors among adolescents in Florida. Journal of Community Health, 43(2), 268-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0416-6
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Orencia Gonzalez
Ageing, hereditary, clinical and also way of life elements add to the threat of Alzheimer’s illness and also various other dementias. Around a third of dementia instances are attributable to modifiable risk elements such as physical inactivity, smoking and high blood pressure (Alty, et al., 2020). With the rising frequency and absence of neuroprotective medications, there is restored focus on dementia avoidance methods throughout the life-span. Neurologists run into many individuals with risk factors for mental deterioration and also are often asked whether way of life changes may help. Exercise has actually emerged as a vital treatment for influencing cognition positively, consisting of lowering the danger of age-related cognitive decrease and dementia (Alty, et al., 2020). This post concentrates on the present proof for physical inactivity as a modifiable mental deterioration risk variable and aims to support specialists when going over risk decrease.
Annotated Bibliography
Grande, G., Qiu, C., & Fratiglioni, L. (2020). Prevention of dementia in an ageing world: evidence and biological rationale. Ageing research reviews, 64, 101045.
As the population ages, the variety of people with dementia is expected to increase in the coming decades, with effects at the societal and also specific levels. In this narrative testimonial, we provide a summary of the scientific proof worrying dementia prevention, with a concentrate on the complying with 3 methods: 1) Targeting the body to shield the mind, including prevention and also therapy of cardio morbidity; 2) Countervailing interventions to neutralize mind ageing, consisting of education and learning and also life-long involvement in cognitively and also socially boosting activities; and 3) Lifespan health promo, such as a literally energetic way of life, cigarette smoking cessation, as well as a healthy and balanced as well as well balanced diet plan (Grande, et al., 2020). Next, we consider the biological systems by which these approaches might act by taking into consideration the primary pathways implicated in the development and development of mental deterioration: neurodegeneration, mind resilience, vascular damage, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Based on the present proof, as well as according to the declining trends of dementia occurrence in high-income nations, we wrap up that timely multidomain preventive activities are encouraging techniques to reduce the mental deterioration epidemic worldwide (Grande, et al., 2020). There is still a considerable void in between the epidemiological proof and its underlying biological systems. Loading this void will be important to move on in dementia avoidance worldwide.
Morovic, S., Budincevic, H., Govori, V., & Demarin, V. (2019). Possibilities of dementia prevention-it is never too early to start. Journal of medicine and life, 12(4), 332.
Dementia stands for one of the best worldwide obstacles for health and wellness as well as social care in this century. More than 50 million people globally struggle with dementia, and this number is anticipated to three-way by 2050. Maturing is typically connected with cognitive disability. For that reason, prevention of cognitive disability is a vital (Morovic, et al., 2019). Mental deterioration consists of a heterogeneous group of problems, one of the most usual being Alzheimer’s condition as well as vascular mental deterioration. The majority of cardio threat factors such as high blood pressure, diabetic issues mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation and smoking are not exclusive danger variables for vascular mental deterioration but additionally for Alzheimer’s illness. The ApoE4 allele is the single non-modifiable risk aspect for Alzheimer’s condition. Today we know that a crucial, modifiable threat element is education. Much better education and learning suggests better protection versus mental deterioration (Morovic, et al., 2019). A large number of dementia instances are possibly avoidable by early intervention. Early modifications in the capillary wall can be detected by early ultrasound approaches or early biomarkers. These approaches permit us to spot modifications prior to the condition comes to be scientifically noticeable. Early disease discovery allows prompt monitoring, and research studies have shown that cautious control of vascular risk factors can hold off the beginning or even reverse disease progression.
Reference
Alty, J., Farrow, M., & Lawler, K. (2020). Exercise and dementia prevention. Practical neurology, 20(3), 234-240.