Simple Question

A good sample must represent all the characteristics of the population. Take a real-life example and explain why it is necessary? If it is not true, what can happen?

Chapter 5
STAGE 2: SAMPLING DESIGN
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-1
Learning Objectives
Understand . . .
 The six tasks that comprise sampling design.
 The premises on which sampling theory is based.
 The characteristics of accuracy and precision for
measuring sample validity.
 The two categories of sampling methods and the
variety of sampling techniques within each category.
 The various sampling techniques within each
category.
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-2
Sampling
Design in
the
Research
Process
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill ompanies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-3
Steps in Sampling Design
Define Target Population & Case
Define Population Parameters
Define & Evaluate Sample Frames
Define Number of Cases
Define Sampling Method
Define Selection & Recruiting
Protocols
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-4
Define Target Population & Case
Common Types of
Target Populations in
Business Research
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-5
Metro U Dining Study
Who would patronize the club?
How much would a they spend?
What days would be most popular?
What menu and service formats?
How often would they use the club?
Who would join the club?
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-6
Step 2 in Sampling Design
Define Target Population & Case
Define Population Parameters
Define & Evaluate Sample Frames
Define Number of Cases
Define Sampling Method
Define Selection & Recruiting
Protocols
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-7
Data Types Review
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-8
Metro U: Population Parameters
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-9
Step 3 in Sampling Design
Define Target Population & Case
Define Population Parameters
Define & Evaluate
Sample Frames
Define Number of Cases
Define Sampling Method
Define Selection & Recruiting
Protocols
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-10
Sample Frame
List of elements in population
Complete and correct
Error rate increases over time
May include elements that
must be screened out
International frames
most problematic
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-11
Problems with Sample Frame
Incomplete list
Out-of-date list
Too inclusive a list
Inappropriate List
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-12
Metro U Sample Frame
University directory?
Modify directory with student
enrollment additions?
Modify directory with student
enrollment deletions?
Registrar’s list?
Craft a list to include students,
faculty, administration & alumni
in area?
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-13
Step 4 in Sampling Design
Define Target Population & Case
Define Population Parameters
Define & Evaluate Sample Frames
Define Number of Cases
Define Sampling Method
Define Selection & Recruiting
Protocols
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-14
Census vs. Sample
Census
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sample
5-15
When Is a Census Appropriate?
Feasible
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Necessary
5-16
Why Use a Sample?
Availability of
elements
Lower cost
Sampling
provides
Greater
speed
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Greater
accuracy
5-17
What Is a Valid Sample?
Accurate
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Precise
5-18
When to Use a Larger Sample?
Population
variance
Number of
subgroups
Desired
precision
Confidence
level
Small error
range
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-19
Sources of Error
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-20
Step 5 in Sampling Design
Define Target Population & Case
Define Population Parameters
Define & Evaluate Sample Frames
Define Number of Cases
Define Sampling Method
Define Selection & Recruiting
Protocols
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-21
Types of Sampling Designs
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-22
Simple Random
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Easy to implement
 Requires list of
with random dialing
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
population elements
 Time consuming
 Larger sample
needed
 Produces larger
errors
 High cost
5-23
Systematic
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Simple to design
 Periodicity within
 Easier than simple
population may skew
sample and results
 Trends in list may
bias results
 Moderate cost
random
 Easy to determine
sampling distribution
of mean or
proportion
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-24
Stratified
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Control of sample size in
 Increased error if
strata
 Increased statistical
efficiency
 Provides data to represent
and analyze subgroups
 Enables use of different
methods in strata
subgroups are selected at
different rates
 Especially expensive if
strata on population must
be created
 High cost
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-25
Cluster
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Provides an unbiased
 Often lower statistical
estimate of population
parameters if properly
done
 Economically more
efficient than simple
random
 Lowest cost per sample
 Easy to do without list
efficiency due to
subgroups being
homogeneous rather than
heterogeneous
 Moderate cost
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-26
Stratified and Cluster Sampling
Stratified
Cluster
 Population divided into
 Population divided into
few subgroups
 Homogeneity within
subgroups
 Heterogeneity between
subgroups
 Random choice of cases
from within each
subgroup
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
many subgroups
 Heterogeneity within
subgroups
 Homogeneity between
subgroups
 Random choice of
subgroups
5-27
Stratified and Cluster Sampling
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-28
Area Sampling
Well defined political or
geographical boundaries
Low cost
Frequently used
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
14-29
5-29
Double Sampling
Advantages
Disadvantages
 May reduce costs if first
 Increased costs if
stage results in enough
data to stratify or
cluster the population
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
discriminately used
5-30
Nonprobability Samples
No need to
generalize
Feasibility
Limited
objectives
Time
Cost
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-31
Nonprobability Sampling
Methods
Convenience
Judgment
Quota
Snowball
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-32
Step 6 in Sampling Design
Define Target Population & Case
Define Population Parameters
Define & Evaluate Sample Frames
Define Number of Cases
Define Sampling Method
Define Selection & Recruiting
Protocols
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-33
How to Choose a Random Sample
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-34
Key Terms
 Area sampling
 Nonprobability
 Case
sampling
 Nonresponse error
 Nonsampling error
 Population parameters
 Population proportion
of incidence
 Probability sampling
 Census
 Cluster sampling
 Convenience sample
 Disproportionate
stratified sampling
 Double sampling
 Judgment sampling
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-35
Key Terms
 Proportionate
 Simple random
stratified sampling
 Quota sampling
 Sample
 Sample frame
 Sample statistics
 Sampling
 Sampling error
sample
 Skip interval
 Snowball sampling
 Stratified random
sampling
 Systematic sampling
 Systematic variance
 Target population
Copyright © 2019 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-36

Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on
Simple Question
Just from $13/Page
Order Essay
Achiever Essays
Calculate your paper price
Pages (550 words)
Approximate price: -

Why Work with Us

Top Quality and Well-Researched Papers

We always make sure that writers follow all your instructions precisely. You can choose your academic level: high school, college/university or professional, and we will assign a writer who has a respective degree.

Professional and Experienced Academic Writers

We have a team of professional writers with experience in academic and business writing. Many are native speakers and able to perform any task for which you need help.

Free Unlimited Revisions

If you think we missed something, send your order for a free revision. You have 10 days to submit the order for review after you have received the final document. You can do this yourself after logging into your personal account or by contacting our support.

Prompt Delivery and 100% Money-Back-Guarantee

All papers are always delivered on time. In case we need more time to master your paper, we may contact you regarding the deadline extension. In case you cannot provide us with more time, a 100% refund is guaranteed.

Original & Confidential

We use several writing tools checks to ensure that all documents you receive are free from plagiarism. Our editors carefully review all quotations in the text. We also promise maximum confidentiality in all of our services.

24/7 Customer Support

Our support agents are available 24 hours a day 7 days a week and committed to providing you with the best customer experience. Get in touch whenever you need any assistance.

Try it now!

Calculate the price of your order

Total price:
$0.00

How it works?

Follow these simple steps to get your paper done

Place your order

Fill in the order form and provide all details of your assignment.

Proceed with the payment

Choose the payment system that suits you most.

Receive the final file

Once your paper is ready, we will email it to you.

Our Services

No need to work on your paper at night. Sleep tight, we will cover your back. We offer all kinds of writing services.

Essays

Essay Writing Service

No matter what kind of academic paper you need and how urgent you need it, you are welcome to choose your academic level and the type of your paper at an affordable price. We take care of all your paper needs and give a 24/7 customer care support system.

Admissions

Admission Essays & Business Writing Help

An admission essay is an essay or other written statement by a candidate, often a potential student enrolling in a college, university, or graduate school. You can be rest assurred that through our service we will write the best admission essay for you.

Reviews

Editing Support

Our academic writers and editors make the necessary changes to your paper so that it is polished. We also format your document by correctly quoting the sources and creating reference lists in the formats APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago / Turabian.

Reviews

Revision Support

If you think your paper could be improved, you can request a review. In this case, your paper will be checked by the writer or assigned to an editor. You can use this option as many times as you see fit. This is free because we want you to be completely satisfied with the service offered.

See all services
Live Chat+1(978) 822-0999EmailWhatsApp

Order your essay today and save 20% with the discount code RESEARCH

Order Now
slot online
seoartvin escortizmir escortelazığ escortbacklink satışbacklink saleseskişehir oto kurtarıcıeskişehir oto kurtarıcıoto çekicibacklink satışbacklink satışıbacklink satışbacklink