MILITARY HISTORY
When to Cite
You DO need to cite:
When using someone else’s exact words
When using someone else’s data (statistics, etc.)
When using someone else’s figures (tables, graphs, images)
When stating someone’s unique idea
You DON’T need to cite:
Your own unique ideas
Common knowledge
Common Knowledge vs.
Unique Ideas
Don’t need to cite:
Ideas widely believed to be true.
Folklore, stories, songs, or saying without an author but commonly known.
Quotations widely known and used.
Information shared by most scholars in your discipline.
When in Doubt…CITE!
In-text citations never seemed simpler
To signify the use of an outside source, use a superscript Arabic number.
The superscript number will follow the punctuation.1
The notes for the citation will be included on a separate page at the end of the paper.
More formatting
The text will be double-spaced throughout (including block quotes), prior to the notes page.
Margins should be set at 1” top, bottom and sides.
Endnotes
Warning: This is where Chicago gets kind of tricky.
Center title “Notes” at the top of the page of endnotes.
Number the citations in the order they appear in the text.
Endnotes: Books
6
Book:
1.Author’s first and last name, Title (City: Publisher, Year), page number.
6. Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s Own (New York: Mariner Books, 2005), 204.
Edited Book:
7. Ted Poston, A First Draft of History, ed. Kathleen A. Hauke(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000), 46.
Endnotes: Periodicals
Article in Journal:
1. Author’s name, “Article Title,” Journal Title Volume#, Issue # (Year): Page numbers.
16. Jonathan Zimmerman, “Ethnicity and the History Wars in the1920s,” Journal of American History 87, no. 1 (2000): 101.
Article in Online Journal:
16. Eugene F. Provenzo Jr., “Time Exposure,” Educational Studies34, no. 2 (2003): 266, http://search.epnet.com.
Endnotes: Newspapers and Magazines
8
Newspaper:
2. Linda Greenhouse, “Across the Border, Over the Line,” The New York Times, April 8, 2010. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/across-the-border-over-the-line/?hp
Magazine:
14. Sarah Kliff, “Stupak won’t seek Reelection,” Newsweek, April 6, 2010, 55.
Endnotes: Website
Website:
1. First name Last name, “Web Page,” Website, Sponsor of Website, full URL.
5. Bob Smith, “How to Write a Chicago Endnote,” YayChicago.com, Chicago Helpers, http://www.yaychicago.com/endnotes.
Endnotes Oddities
Unlike MLA and APA citation pages, the first line of a citation is indented, followed by left-aligned lines.
You only write out the full endnote the first time. All consequent endnotes are abbreviated.
Abbreviated endnotes
Author’s Last Name, Shortened Version of Title (in either quotes or italics, depending), and Page Number.
Wilson, “Antarctica,” 6.
Jones, Swimming Lessons, 17.
Use the word “Ibid” if you have to consecutive endnotes using the same source, and give the page.
Ibid, 7.
If you are using the same page as the previous endnote, just write “Ibid.”
And now for something completely different: Bibliography
Some instructors will ask for a bibliography as well as endnotes.
A bibliography will come after the page(s) of endnotes.
It will be an alphabetical listing of all of the works you consulted in researching for your paper, including the ones you did not cite.
Bibliography: Books
Notice: In the bibliography, the first line will be left-aligned and the consecutive lines will be spaced over to the right (as displayed above).
Book:
Last Name, First Name. Title. City: Publisher, Year.
Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Mariner Books, 2005.
Edited Book:
Poston, Ted. A First Draft of History. Edited by Kathleen A. Hauke. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.
Bibliography: Periodicals
Article in Journal:
Zimmerman, Jonathan. “Ethnicity and the History Wars in the 1920s.”Journal of American History 87, no. 1 (2000): 92- 111.
Article in Online Journal:
Provenzo, Eugene F., Jr. “Time Exposure.” Educational Studies 34, no. 2 (2003): 266-67. http://search.epnet.com.
Bibliography: Newspapers and Magazines
Newspaper:
Greenhouse, Linda. “Across the Border, Over the Line,” The New York Times, April 8, 2010. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/across-the- border-over-the-line/?hp
Magazine:
Kliff, Sarah. “Stupak won’t seek Reelection.” Newsweek, April 6, 2010, 55.
Bibliography: Website
Website:
Bob Smith. “How to Write a Chicago Endnote.” YayChicago.com. Chicago Helpers. http://www.yaychicago.com/endnotes.
You do not need to include the date accessed, unless the document is time-sensitive. If so, but it after the URL:
www.time.com/today (accessed May 1, 2010).
Chicago
by Katherine Wertz, Writing Consultant
&
Michael frizell, director, Writing Center
Don’t be intimidated by the 956 page book
Some rules of thumb
Avoid long quotes. Your long history and leadership paper are about your writing, not some other author’s.
Avoid excessive quotes. If you have more than one or two per page, the reader will suspect you are “padding” your paper.
You will probably need at least 2-3 footnotes/endnotes per page. If you don’t, you’ve probably missed something.
For each footnote/endnote ask yourself, does this give the reader enough to find your source?
Questions?
